As some of you may know, this site has been up for years now, (it has data dating back to 2011) and i'm very sure it's helped a lot of people in managing their alliance(s).
I've lost interest in this game and have since stopped developing this site a while ago. I've kept it up and paid for this site for the last 7 years by myself since I was 17 just for the convenience of every CN gamer.
I would like to keep the site up as I still have an average of 1,500 unique users visiting this site & an average of 100,000 hits every month, so obviously people still use this site. I'm sure you guys have noticed the outages this site has had and for those of you that depend on this tool how that may have affected how you were able to manage your alliance, as I get your messages in game all the time.
With that said, somebody recommended I put up a donation link for people that want to donate to the maintainance & hosting of this site. Feel free to donate any amount you can afford to, as every little helps. If you want to you could also subscribe and make monthly payments. Up to you. I'll continue to keep this site free for as long as I can.
Nation history for Governor Barbasol of Ciudad Estado
| Last Updated | Alliance | Alliance Rank | Gov | Team | Tech | Infra | Land | Mode | NS | Defcon | Soldiers | Tanks | Cruise | Nukes | Off. Casualties | Def. Casualties | Votes | Resource1 | Resource2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-02-06 13:00:24 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-02-06 01:00:07 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-02-05 13:00:23 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-02-05 01:00:12 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-02-04 13:00:27 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-02-04 01:00:11 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-02-03 13:00:26 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-02-03 01:00:12 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-02-02 13:00:24 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-02-02 01:00:12 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-02-01 13:00:57 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-02-01 01:00:11 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-31 13:00:20 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-30 13:00:21 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-30 01:00:14 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-29 13:00:15 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-29 01:00:25 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-28 13:00:23 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-28 01:00:07 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-27 13:00:25 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-27 01:00:06 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-26 13:00:23 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-26 01:00:08 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-25 13:00:24 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-25 01:00:07 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-24 13:00:20 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-23 13:00:22 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-23 01:00:12 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-22 13:00:24 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-22 01:00:08 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-21 13:00:22 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-21 01:00:13 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-20 13:00:27 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-20 01:00:12 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-19 13:00:26 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-19 01:00:36 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-18 13:00:21 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-18 01:00:13 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-17 13:00:20 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-17 01:00:17 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-16 13:00:20 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-16 01:00:12 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-15 13:00:27 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-15 01:00:09 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-14 13:00:25 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-14 01:00:13 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-13 13:00:24 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-13 01:00:07 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-12 13:00:20 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-12 01:00:19 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-11 01:00:10 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-10 13:00:19 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-10 01:00:11 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-09 13:00:24 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-09 01:00:09 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-08 13:00:24 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-08 01:00:07 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-07 13:00:23 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-07 01:00:07 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-06 13:00:20 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-06 01:00:11 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-05 13:00:21 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-05 01:00:08 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-04 13:00:21 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-04 01:00:06 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-03 13:00:19 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-03 01:00:10 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-02 13:00:24 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-02 01:00:08 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-01 13:00:25 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2016-01-01 01:00:11 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2015-12-31 13:00:26 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2015-12-31 01:00:08 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2015-12-30 13:00:21 | None | Anarchy | Brown | 0.00 | 20.25 | 281.130 | War | 482.446 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2015-12-30 01:00:07 | None | Communist | Brown | 0.00 | 26.68 | 281.130 | War | 549.446 | 1 | 0 | 255 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2015-12-29 13:00:23 | None | Communist | Brown | 0.00 | 26.68 | 281.130 | War | 549.446 | 1 | 0 | 255 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2015-12-29 01:00:07 | None | Communist | Brown | 0.84 | 29.99 | 281.130 | War | 567.579 | 1 | 0 | 275 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2015-12-28 13:00:20 | None | Communist | Brown | 0.84 | 29.99 | 281.130 | War | 567.579 | 1 | 0 | 275 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2015-12-28 01:00:13 | None | Communist | Brown | 0.84 | 29.99 | 281.130 | War | 567.579 | 1 | 0 | 275 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2015-12-27 13:00:20 | None | Communist | Brown | 0.84 | 29.99 | 281.130 | War | 567.579 | 1 | 0 | 275 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2015-12-27 01:00:08 | None | Communist | Brown | 0.84 | 29.99 | 281.130 | War | 567.579 | 1 | 0 | 275 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2015-12-26 13:00:22 | aNiMaLz | Member | Communist | Brown | 49.84 | 499.99 | 281.130 | War | 2,278.659 | 1 | 2,804 | 275 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead |
| 2015-12-26 01:00:11 | aNiMaLz | Pending | Communist | Brown | 49.84 | 499.99 | 259.357 | War | 2,247.400 | 1 | 2,749 | 271 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead |
| 2015-12-25 13:00:28 | Order of Tenebris | Member | Communist | Brown | 49.84 | 499.99 | 259.357 | War | 2,240.430 | 1 | 2,803 | 270 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead |
| 2015-12-25 01:00:07 | Order of Tenebris | Member | Communist | Brown | 28.84 | 399.99 | 198.812 | War | 1,719.400 | 1 | 2,023 | 184 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead |
| 2015-12-24 13:00:20 | Order of Tenebris | Member | Communist | Brown | 28.84 | 399.99 | 198.812 | War | 1,719.400 | 1 | 2,023 | 184 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead |
| 2015-12-24 01:00:24 | Order of Tenebris | Member | Communist | Brown | 28.84 | 399.99 | 158.753 | War | 1,658.041 | 1 | 2,052 | 195 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead |
| 2015-12-22 13:00:24 | Random Insanity Alliance | Pending | Communist | Maroon | 28.84 | 399.99 | 115.275 | War | 1,553.424 | 1 | 1,817 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead |
| 2015-12-22 01:00:11 | Non Grata | Pending | Communist | Brown | 28.84 | 399.99 | 115.275 | War | 1,553.424 | 1 | 1,817 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead |
| 2015-12-21 13:00:19 | Non Grata | Pending | Communist | Brown | 28.84 | 399.99 | 115.275 | War | 1,553.464 | 1 | 1,819 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead |
| 2015-12-21 01:00:17 | None | Communist | Brown | 28.84 | 399.99 | 115.275 | War | 1,553.464 | 1 | 1,819 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead | |
| 2015-12-20 13:00:21 | aNiMaLz | Member | Communist | Brown | 28.84 | 399.99 | 115.275 | War | 1,553.504 | 1 | 1,819 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead |
| 2015-12-20 01:00:20 | aNiMaLz | Member | Communist | Brown | 28.84 | 399.99 | 115.275 | War | 1,553.504 | 1 | 1,821 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead |
| 2015-12-19 13:00:27 | aNiMaLz | Member | Communist | Brown | 26.87 | 399.99 | 107.949 | War | 1,533.982 | 1 | 1,888 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead |
| 2015-12-17 13:00:20 | Barbaria | Manager | Capitalist | Brown | 24.50 | 299.99 | 100.000 | War | 1,185.470 | 5 | 650 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead |
| 2015-12-16 13:00:24 | Pirates Of The Parrot Order | Pending | Capitalist | Black | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.000 | War | 3.000 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NO DATA | NO DATA | 0 | Gems | Lead |